300 Core Java Interview Questions Set 1 90% assurance of interview questionsThere is the list of 300 core java interview questions. If there is any core java interview question that has been asked to you, kindly post it in the ask question section. We assure that you will get here the 90% frequently asked interview questions and answers.The answers to the core java interview questions are short and to the point. The core java interview questions are categorized in Basics of java interview questions, OOPs interview questions, String Handling interview questions, Multithreading interview questions, collection interview questions, JDBC interview questions, etc. Core Java: Basics of Java Interview Questions 1) What is Java?Java is the high-level, object-oriented, robust, secure programming language, platform-independent, high performance, Multithreaded, and portable programming language. It was developed by James Gosling in June 1991.

1. Java Interview Questions

It can also be known as the platform as it provides its own JRE and API. 2) What are the differences between C and Java?The differences between C and Java are given in the following table.

Comparison IndexCJavaPlatform-independentC is platform-dependent.Java is platform-independent.Mainly used forC is mainly used for system programming.Java is mainly used for application programming. It is widely used in window, web-based, enterprise and mobile applications.Design GoalC was designed for systems and applications programming. It was an extension of.Java was designed and created as an interpreter for printing systems but later extended as a support network computing. It was designed with a goal of being easy to use and accessible to a broader audience.GotoC supports the statement.Java doesn't support the goto statement.Multiple inheritanceC supports multiple inheritance.Java doesn't support multiple inheritance through class. It can be achieved by.Operator OverloadingC supports.Java doesn't support operator overloading.PointersC supports. You can write pointer program in C.Java supports pointer internally. However, you can't write the pointer program in java.

It means java has restricted pointer support in java.Compiler and InterpreterC uses compiler only. C is compiled and run using the compiler which converts source code into machine code so, C is platform dependent.Java uses compiler and interpreter both.

Java source code is converted into bytecode at compilation time. The interpreter executes this bytecode at runtime and produces output. Java is interpreted that is why it is platform independent.Call by Value and Call by referenceC supports both call by value and call by reference.Java supports call by value only. There is no call by reference in java.Structure and UnionC supports structures and unions.Java doesn't support structures and unions.Thread SupportC doesn't have built-in support for threads.

It relies on third-party libraries for thread support.Java has built-in support.Documentation commentC doesn't support documentation comment.Java supports documentation comment (/./) to create documentation for java source code.Virtual KeywordC supports virtual keyword so that we can decide whether or not override a function.Java has no virtual keyword. We can override all non-static methods by default. In other words, non-static methods are virtual by default.unsigned right shift C doesn't support operator.Java supports unsigned right shift operator that fills zero at the top for the negative numbers. For positive numbers, it works same like operator.Inheritance TreeC creates a new inheritance tree always.Java uses a single inheritance tree always because all classes are the child of Object class in java. The object class is the root of the tree in java.HardwareC is nearer to hardware.Java is not so interactive with hardware.Object-orientedC is an object-oriented language. However, in C language, single root hierarchy is not possible.Java is also an language.

However, everything (except fundamental types) is an object in Java. It is a single root hierarchy as everything gets derived from java.lang.Object.3) List the features of Java Programming language.There are the following features in Java Programming Language. Simple: Java is easy to learn. The syntax of Java is based on C which makes easier to write the program in it. Object-Oriented: Java follows the object-oriented paradigm which allows us to maintain our code as the combination of different type of objects that incorporates both data and behavior.

Portable: Java supports read-once-write-anywhere approach. We can execute the Java program on every machine. Java program (.java) is converted to bytecode (.class) which can be easily run on every machine. Platform Independent: Java is a platform independent programming language. It is different from other programming languages like C and C which needs a platform to be executed. Java comes with its platform on which its code is executed. Java doesn't depend upon the operating system to be executed.

Secured: Java is secured because it doesn't use explicit pointers. Java also provides the concept of ByteCode and Exception handling which makes it more secured.

Robust: Java is a strong programming language as it uses strong memory management. The concepts like Automatic garbage collection, Exception handling, etc. Make it more robust. Architecture Neutral: Java is architectural neutral as it is not dependent on the architecture.

In C, the size of data types may vary according to the architecture (32 bit or 64 bit) which doesn't exist in Java. Interpreted: Java uses the Just-in-time (JIT) interpreter along with the compiler for the program execution. High Performance: Java is faster than other traditional interpreted programming languages because Java bytecode is 'close' to native code.

It is still a little bit slower than a compiled language (e.g., C). Multithreaded: We can write Java programs that deal with many tasks at once by defining multiple threads. The main advantage of multi-threading is that it doesn't occupy memory for each thread. It shares a common memory area. Threads are important for multi-media, Web applications, etc. Distributed: Java is distributed because it facilitates users to create distributed applications in Java. RMI and EJB are used for creating distributed applications.

This feature of Java makes us able to access files by calling the methods from any machine on the internet. Dynamic: Java is a dynamic language. It supports dynamic loading of classes. It means classes are loaded on demand. It also supports functions from its native languages, i.e., C and C.4) What do you understand by Java virtual machine?Java Virtual Machine is a virtual machine that enables the computer to run the Java program. JVM acts like a run-time engine which calls the main method present in the Java code.

JVM is the specification which must be implemented in the computer system. The Java code is compiled by JVM to be a Bytecode which is machine independent and close to the native code. 5) What is the difference between JDK, JRE, and JVM? JVMJVM is an acronym for Java Virtual Machine; it is an abstract machine which provides the runtime environment in which Java bytecode can be executed. It is a specification which specifies the working of Java Virtual Machine. Its implementation has been provided by Oracle and other companies. Its implementation is known as JRE.JVMs are available for many hardware and software platforms (so JVM is platform dependent).

It is a runtime instance which is created when we run the Java class. There are three notions of the JVM: specification, implementation, and instance. JREJRE stands for Java Runtime Environment.

It is the implementation of JVM. The Java Runtime Environment is a set of software tools which are used for developing Java applications. It is used to provide the runtime environment.

It is the implementation of JVM. It physically exists. It contains a set of libraries + other files that JVM uses at runtime.JDKJDK is an acronym for Java Development Kit. It is a software development environment which is used to develop Java applications and applets.

It physically exists. It contains JRE + development tools. JDK is an implementation of any one of the below given Java Platforms released by Oracle Corporation:.

Standard Edition Java Platform. Enterprise Edition Java Platform. Micro Edition Java Platform6) How many types of memory areas are allocated by JVM?Many types:. Class(Method) Area: Class Area stores per-class structures such as the runtime constant pool, field, method data, and the code for methods. Heap: It is the runtime data area in which the memory is allocated to the objects.

Stack: Java Stack stores frames. It holds local variables and partial results, and plays a part in method invocation and return. Each thread has a private JVM stack, created at the same time as the thread. A new frame is created each time a method is invoked. A frame is destroyed when its method invocation completes. Program Counter Register: PC (program counter) register contains the address of the Java virtual machine instruction currently being executed.

Native Method Stack: It contains all the native methods used in the application.7) What is JIT compiler?Just-In-Time(JIT) compiler: It is used to improve the performance. JIT compiles parts of the bytecode that have similar functionality at the same time, and hence reduces the amount of time needed for compilation. Here the term “compiler” refers to a translator from the instruction set of a Java virtual machine (JVM) to the instruction set of a specific CPU. 8) What is the platform?A platform is the hardware or software environment in which a piece of software is executed. There are two types of platforms, software-based and hardware-based.

Java provides the software-based platform.9) What are the main differences between the Java platform and other platforms?There are the following differences between the Java platform and other platforms. Java is the software-based platform whereas other platforms may be the hardware platforms or software-based platforms. Java is executed on the top of other hardware platforms whereas other platforms can only have the hardware components.10) What gives Java its 'write once and run anywhere' nature?The bytecode.

Java compiler converts the Java programs into the class file (Byte Code) which is the intermediate language between source code and machine code. This bytecode is not platform specific and can be executed on any computer. 11) What is classloader?Classloader is a subsystem of JVM which is used to load class files. Whenever we run the java program, it is loaded first by the classloader. There are three built-in classloaders in Java. Bootstrap ClassLoader: This is the first classloader which is the superclass of Extension classloader. It loads the rt.jar file which contains all class files of Java Standard Edition like java.lang package classes, java.net package classes, java.util package classes, java.io package classes, java.sql package classes, etc.

Extension ClassLoader: This is the child classloader of Bootstrap and parent classloader of System classloader. It loads the jar files located inside $JAVAHOME/jre/lib/ext directory. System/Application ClassLoader: This is the child classloader of Extension classloader. It loads the class files from the classpath. By default, the classpath is set to the current directory. You can change the classpath using '-cp' or '-classpath' switch.

It is also known as Application classloader.12) Is Empty.java file name a valid source file name?Yes, Java allows to save our java file by.java only, we need to compile it by javac.java and run by java classname Let's take a simple example. 200JavatpointJavatpoint200ExplanationIn the first case, The numbers 10 and 20 will be multiplied first and then the result 200 is treated as the string and concatenated with the string Javatpoint to produce the output 200Javatpoint.In the second case, The numbers 10 and 20 will be multiplied first to be 200 because the precedence of the multiplication is higher than addition. The result 200 will be treated as the string and concatenated with the string Javatpointto produce the output as Javatpoint200. 22) What is the output of the following Java program? Core Java - OOPs Concepts: Initial OOPs Interview QuestionsThere is given more than 50 OOPs (Object-Oriented Programming and System) interview questions. However, they have been categorized in many sections such as constructor interview questions, static interview questions, Inheritance Interview questions, Abstraction interview question, Polymorphism interview questions, etc.

For better understanding. 23) What is object-oriented paradigm?It is a programming paradigm based on objects having data and methods defined in the class to which it belongs. Object-oriented paradigm aims to incorporate the advantages of modularity and reusability.

Objects are the instances of classes which interacts with one another to design applications and programs. There are the following features of the object-oriented paradigm. Follows the bottom-up approach in program design. Focus on data with methods to operate upon the object's data. Includes the concept like Encapsulation and abstraction which hides the complexities from the user and show only functionality.

Implements the real-time approach like inheritance, abstraction, etc. The examples of the object-oriented paradigm are C, Simula, Smalltalk, Python, C#, etc.24) What is an object?The Object is the real-time entity having some state and behavior. In Java, Object is an instance of the class having the instance variables as the state of the object and the methods as the behavior of the object. The object of a class can be created by using the new keyword. Core Java - OOPs Concepts: Constructor Interview Questions 27) What is the constructor?The constructor can be defined as the special type of method that is used to initialize the state of an object. It is invoked when the class is instantiated, and the memory is allocated for the object. Every time, an object is created using the new keyword, the default constructor of the class is called.

The name of the constructor must be similar to the class name. The constructor must not have an explicit return type. 28) How many types of constructors are used in Java?Based on the parameters passed in the constructors, there are two types of constructors in Java.

Default Constructor: default constructor is the one which does not accept any value. The default constructor is mainly used to initialize the instance variable with the default values. It can also be used for performing some useful task on object creation. A default constructor is invoked implicitly by the compiler if there is no constructor defined in the class. Parameterized Constructor: The parameterized constructor is the one which can initialize the instance variables with the given values. In other words, we can say that the constructors which can accept the arguments are called parameterized constructors.29) What is the purpose of a default constructor?The purpose of the default constructor is to assign the default value to the objects.

The java compiler creates a default constructor implicitly if there is no constructor in the class. 0 null0 nullExplanation: In the above class, you are not creating any constructor, so compiler provides you a default constructor. Here 0 and null values are provided by default constructor. 30) Does constructor return any value?Ans: yes, The constructor implicitly returns the current instance of the class (You can't use an explicit return type with the constructor). 31)Is constructor inherited?No, The constructor is not inherited. 32) Can you make a constructor final?No, the constructor can't be final.

33) Can we overload the constructors?Yes, the constructors can be overloaded by changing the number of arguments accepted by the constructor or by changing the data type of the parameters. Consider the following example. 111 Karan111 Karan35) What are the differences between the constructors and methods?There are many differences between constructors and methods. They are given below. Java ConstructorJava MethodA constructor is used to initialize the state of an object.A method is used to expose the behavior of an object.A constructor must not have a return type.A method must have a return type.The constructor is invoked implicitly.The method is invoked explicitly.The Java compiler provides a default constructor if you don't have any constructor in a class.The method is not provided by the compiler in any case.The constructor name must be same as the class name.The method name may or may not be same as class name.36) What is the output of the following Java program? Core Java - OOPs Concepts: static keyword Interview Questions 39) What is the static variable?The static variable is used to refer to the common property of all objects (that is not unique for each object), e.g., The company name of employees, college name of students, etc. Static variable gets memory only once in the class area at the time of class loading.

Using a static variable makes your program more memory efficient (it saves memory). Static variable belongs to the class rather than the object. Core Java - OOPs Concepts: Inheritance Interview Questions 51) What is this keyword in java?The this keyword is a reference variable that refers to the current object. There are the various uses of this keyword in Java.

It can be used to refer to current class properties such as instance methods, variable, constructors, etc. It can also be passed as an argument into the methods or constructors. ID: 105 Name:Vikas age:22 address: Delhi56) What are the advantages of passing this into a method instead of the current class object itself?As we know, that this refers to the current class object, therefore, it must be similar to the current class object. However, there can be two main advantages of passing this into a method instead of the current class object.

this is a final variable. Therefore, this cannot be assigned to any new value whereas the current class object might not be final and can be changed. this can be used in the synchronized block.57) What is the Inheritance?Inheritance is a mechanism by which one object acquires all the properties and behavior of another object of another class.

It is used for Code Reusability and Method Overriding. The idea behind inheritance in Java is that you can create new classes that are built upon existing classes. When you inherit from an existing class, you can reuse methods and fields of the parent class. Moreover, you can add new methods and fields in your current class also.

Inheritance represents the IS-A relationship which is also known as a parent-child relationship.There are five types of inheritance in Java. Single-level inheritance.

Multi-level inheritance. Multiple Inheritance.

Hierarchical Inheritance. Hybrid InheritanceMultiple inheritance is not supported in Java through class.

58) Why is Inheritance used in Java?There are various advantages of using inheritance in Java that is given below. Inheritance provides code reusability. The derived class does not need to redefine the method of base class unless it needs to provide the specific implementation of the method.

Runtime polymorphism cannot be achieved without using inheritance. We can simulate the inheritance of classes with the real-time objects which makes OOPs more realistic. Inheritance provides data hiding. The base class can hide some data from the derived class by making it private. Method overriding cannot be achieved without inheritance. By method overriding, we can give a specific implementation of some basic method contained by the base class.59) Which class is the superclass for all the classes?The object class is the superclass of all other classes in Java.

60) Why is multiple inheritance not supported in java?To reduce the complexity and simplify the language, multiple inheritance is not supported in java. Consider a scenario where A, B, and C are three classes. The C class inherits A and B classes. If A and B classes have the same method and you call it from child class object, there will be ambiguity to call the method of A or B class.Since the compile-time errors are better than runtime errors, Java renders compile-time error if you inherit 2 classes. So whether you have the same method or different, there will be a compile time error.

Compile Time Error61) What is aggregation?Aggregation can be defined as the relationship between two classes where the aggregate class contains a reference to the class it owns. Aggregation is best described as a has-a relationship. For example, The aggregate class Employee having various fields such as age, name, and salary also contains an object of Address class having various fields such as Address-Line 1, City, State, and pin-code. In other words, we can say that Employee (class) has an object of Address class. Consider the following example.Address.java.

111 varungzb UP india112 arungno UP india62) What is composition?Holding the reference of a class within some other class is known as composition. When an object contains the other object, if the contained object cannot exist without the existence of container object, then it is called composition. In other words, we can say that composition is the particular case of aggregation which represents a stronger relationship between two objects.Example: A class contains students.

A student cannot exist without a class. There exists composition between class and students. 63) What is the difference between aggregation and composition?Aggregation represents the weak relationship whereas composition represents the strong relationship. For example, the bike has an indicator (aggregation), but the bike has an engine (composition). 64) Why does Java not support pointers?The pointer is a variable that refers to the memory address. They are not used in Java because they are unsafe(unsecured) and complex to understand.

65) What is super in java?The super keyword in Java is a reference variable that is used to refer to the immediate parent class object. Whenever you create the instance of the subclass, an instance of the parent class is created implicitly which is referred by super reference variable. The super is called in the class constructor implicitly by the compiler if there is no super or this. Core Java - OOPs Concepts: Method Overloading Interview Questions 72) What is method overloading?Method overloading is the polymorphism technique which allows us to create multiple methods with the same name but different signature. We can achieve method overloading in two ways.

Changing the number of arguments. Changing the return typeMethod overloading increases the readability of the program. Method overloading is performed to figure out the program quickly. 73) Why is method overloading not possible by changing the return type in java?In Java, method overloading is not possible by changing the return type of the program due to avoid the ambiguity.

Animal.java:7: error: method consume(int) is already defined in class Animalstatic void consume(int a)^Animal.java:15: error: non-static method consume(int) cannot be referenced from a static contextAnimal.consume(20);^2 errors75) Can we overload the main method?Yes, we can have any number of main methods in a Java program by using method overloading. 76) What is method overloading with type promotion?By Type promotion is method overloading, we mean that one data type can be promoted to another implicitly if no exact matching is found.As displayed in the above diagram, the byte can be promoted to short, int, long, float or double.

The short datatype can be promoted to int, long, float or double. The char datatype can be promoted to int, long, float or double and so on. Consider the following example. OverloadingCalculation3.java:7: error: reference to sum is ambiguousobj.sum(20,20);//now ambiguity^both method sum(int,long) in OverloadingCalculation3and method sum(long,int) in OverloadingCalculation3 match1 errorExplanationThere are two methods defined with the same name, i.e., sum. The first method accepts the integer and long type whereas the second method accepts long and the integer type. The parameter passed that are a = 20, b = 20. We can not tell that which method will be called as there is no clear differentiation mentioned between integer literal and long literal.

This is the case of ambiguity. Therefore, the compiler will throw an error. Core Java - OOPs Concepts: Method Overriding Interview Questions 78) What is method overriding:If a subclass provides a specific implementation of a method that is already provided by its parent class, it is known as Method Overriding. Base class method called with integer a = 10ExplanationThe method is overloaded in class Base whereas it is derived in class Derived with the double type as the parameter.

In the method call, the integer is passed.87) Can you have virtual functions in Java?Yes, all functions in Java are virtual by default. 88) What is covariant return type?Now, since java5, it is possible to override any method by changing the return type if the return type of the subclass overriding method is subclass type. It is known as covariant return type.

The covariant return type specifies that the return type may vary in the same direction as the subclass. Derived method called.ExplanationThe method of Base class, i.e., baseMethod is overridden in Derived class. In Test class, the reference variable b (of type Base class) refers to the instance of the Derived class.

Here, Runtime polymorphism is achieved between class Base and Derived. At compile time, the presence of method baseMethod checked in Base class, If it presence then the program compiled otherwise the compiler error will be shown. In this case, baseMethod is present in Base class; therefore, it is compiled successfully. However, at runtime, It checks whether the baseMethod has been overridden by Derived class, if so then the Derived class method is called otherwise Base class method is called. In this case, the Derived class overrides the baseMethod; therefore, the Derived class method is called. Derived.java:11: error: getInfo in Derived cannot override getInfo in Baseprotected final void getInfo^overridden method is final1 errorExplanationThe getDetails method is final; therefore it can not be overridden in the subclass.

98) Can we declare a constructor as final?The constructor can never be declared as final because it is never inherited. Constructors are not ordinary methods; therefore, there is no sense to declare constructors as final. However, if you try to do so, The compiler will throw an error.

99) Can we declare an interface as final?No, we cannot declare an interface as final because the interface must be implemented by some class to provide its definition. Therefore, there is no sense to make an interface final. However, if you try to do so, the compiler will show an error.

100) What is the difference between the final method and abstract method?The main difference between the final method and abstract method is that the abstract method cannot be final as we need to override them in the subclass to give its definition.

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